Boiler Knowledge

How to choose the right boiler equipment?

Faced with so many boiler manufacturers in the market, how to choose the right equipment? How many boilers do you choose? How big is the boiler? Is the hot water boiler or steam boiler? Is condensation or non-condensation? FANGKUAI Boiler manufacturers will answer you one by one.

1. How many boilers are selected?
       When buying a boiler, we must consider that there is an emergency backup plan when a boiler fails. If your company has a high demand for boilers, we recommend that you purchase two boilers at a time, one for each.
       Especially when using boilers for heating, there should be no less than two units. When one of them stops for some reason, the design heat exchange capacity of the remaining boilers should meet the requirements of the owner to ensure the heat supply.
       In cold areas and severe cold areas, when there is a boiler failure, the total heat supply of the remaining boilers is guaranteed to be 65% and 70%. If Beijing is heated by 65%, it can be supplied to 8 to 9 °C, and if it is heated to 70% in Harbin, it can be supplied to about 6 °C. In this way, even if there is a boiler failure, it is warmer than the winter in the south.

2. How big is the boiler?
       We all know that when selecting the boiler tonnage, we should choose the heat load according to the actual demand of the enterprise, but we can't simply calculate how much heat load to choose a large boiler.
       This is because the efficiency of the boiler is reduced when operating at low loads. We recommend that the actual operating load of the boiler should not be less than 50%.
       For example, hotels, heating in winter, only need to supply sanitary hot water in summer. If the boiler is selected according to the total load, then when the hot water is only taken in the summer, the operating load of the boiler is very low and the efficiency is also reduced. Therefore, the heat load of each application should be calculated first, and then the capacity selection should be carried out according to the use situation. Such system investment is saved, the system is simple, and the mutual compatibility is good.
       In addition to the heat load of steam in the kitchen, laundry, high-temperature disinfection and humidification of air conditioners in winter, the rest of the heat load should be a hot water boiler.

3. Choose a steam boiler or a hot water boiler?
       The traditional heating method uses a single steam boiler as a heat source, and then uses a plate for heat exchange to be used for hot water. Although this is convenient, the secondary heat exchange loses a lot of heat. Therefore, Fangfeng boiler manufacturers recommend to everyone: heating, sanitary hot water, process hot water, etc. use hot water boilers for direct hot water supply, where steam is needed (food processing, hospital disinfection, chemical production, etc.) using steam boilers . Steam can be used to exchange heat unless the total amount of hot water used is small.

4. Condensation or non-condensation?
       Condensing boilers should be used when the design return water temperature of the heating system is less than or equal to 50 °C.
       The condensing boiler recovers the heat from the flue gas, which improves the efficiency of the boiler, but not all places apply to the condensing boiler.

Because of the use of natural gas as a fuel gas boiler, the dew point temperature of the flue gas is 55 ° C (the temperature of the water vapor turns into dew point), when the system return water temperature is higher than 50 ° C, the condenser can not function. Therefore, the condensing boiler can achieve energy saving only when the return water temperature is less than or equal to 50 °C.

2019-09-11 17:20:43

How to calculate the oil consumption of the oil fired boiler?

As the name suggests, oil-fired boilers use oil fuels such as heavy oil and light oil to transport hot water or steam to the outside world, providing power to all industries in which the society produces and lives. The main features of the oil-fired boiler are energy conservation, environmental protection, and intelligent operation. The better the environmental protection effect of the boiler, the lower the gas consumption, the less the operating cost of the boiler. Regarding how to calculate the fuel consumption and fuel consumption of oil-fired boilers, many users are confused, FANGKUAI Boiler will answer your questions.

How to calculate the oil consumption of oil boiler?
       Oil consumption = boiler output / Fuel calorific value / Boiler thermal efficiency;
       For example : Oil consumption of 1 ton oil fired boiler
       1. The output of a 1 ton oil-fired boiler is 600,000 kcal;
       2. Assume that the boiler uses diesel as an energy source with a heating value of 42.42 MJ/KG;
       3. The boiler thermal efficiency is calculated according to 92%;
       The fuel consumption of a 1 ton oil boiler = 600.000 kcal 92% ÷ 42.42 MJ / kg = 65 KG.

oil consumption
       The above formula is applicable to oil-fired boilers under rated operating conditions, which is an ideal value. However, in the actual operation of the boiler, the operating load and pressure have changed, and even the operation mode of the furnace workers is inconsistent, which will affect the fuel consumption of the boiler. Therefore, the fuel consumption of oil-fired boilers cannot be generalized.

How to reduce the oil consumption of oil boilers?
       The decisive factors affecting the fuel consumption of the fuel boiler itself are: boiler heating area, fuel calorific value, fuel purity, boiler convection heating area, boiler radiation heating area and so on.
       1. The heating area of the boiler is inversely proportional to the fuel consumption. The larger the heating area, the less fuel consumption.
       2. The fuel calorific value is inversely proportional to the fuel consumption. The higher the calorific value of the fuel, the less fuel consumption.
       3. The fuel purity is inversely proportional to the fuel consumption. The higher the fuel purity, the higher the heat value and the less fuel consumption.
       4. The convection heating area of the boiler is inversely proportional to the fuel consumption. The larger the convection heating area of the boiler, the less the fuel consumption.
       5. The radiation heating area of the boiler is inversely proportional to the fuel consumption. The larger the radiation heating area of the boiler, the less the fuel consumption.
       In addition to the boiler itself, the fuel consumption of the oil-fired boiler is closely related to the furnace experience of the furnace. Not only the fuel consumption of the boiler, but also the safe operation of the boiler is also very important. Therefore, the relevant state departments stipulate that the furnace workers who are on duty must have the certificate of the furnace, which is responsible for the users, the furnace workers, and the society.

2019-09-10 18:26:33

How to properly install a steam boiler?

How to properly install the boiler to ensure the normal operation of the boiler later? Don't worry, FANGKUAI Boiler not only produces high-quality boilers, but also has high-quality after-sales service. We will send professional technicians to guide you on how to properly install the boiler.

First of all, to investigate the installation environment of the boiler, the layout of the boiler room should be approved by the local quality and technical supervision department before construction. The boiler room should be installed in a place where ventilation, heat dissipation, smoke emission and operation are convenient, and it is not easy to approach. Explosive and explosive materials, electrical installation should be installed by professional and technical staff according to the relevant national standards, N and L lines must not be wrong. When using gas as fuel, electrical explosion-proof devices should be installed, and the switchboard should be more than 6M away from the boiler body.

Secondly, if your boiler is an electric steam boiler, you should pay attention to the installation of the ground wire, which is related to the later use safety. In order to install a safe and reliable grounding wire, the grounding wire should be piling near, the depth is greater than or equal to 1 m 5, and the grounding cable gland should be sintered on the grounding pile head. In order to prevent rust and moisture, the joint should be 100mm above the ground. The chimney of the boiler to be vented should extend outwards and the exit should be 1.5 to 2 m above the boiler. After installation, report to the local special equipment maintenance department. It can be used after being approved by the relevant part of the acceptance and receiving the boiler use certificate. Steam generators with a volume of less than 30L or a steam pressure of less than 0.1 MPa are within the national inspection-free scope, that is, they do not need to be used for boiler use certificates.

According to the installation steps of the steam boiler prepared by Fangfang Boiler, I believe that you will be able to successfully install the steam boiler successfully!

2019-09-09 17:10:46

How to calculate the power consumption of the electric boiler?

How to calculate the power consumption of the electric boiler?
       The electric boiler uses electric energy as the energy source, uses electric resistance or electromagnetic induction to drive the heat, and when the heat medium of the boiler heats the heat medium water to a certain parameter (temperature, pressure), the external output has the rated working medium (steam or hot water). A thermal mechanical device that meets the needs of industrial manufacturing, production and life.

power consumption
       Power consumption is an important indicator for assessing the overall quality of gas boilers. It is also one of the standards that users measure when purchasing boilers. This data will affect the input cost of the boiler operation; only the cost is controlled below a certain limit. In order to get more benefits.

How to calculate the power consumption of electric boilers?
       We can remember the following sentence: The power consumption of a 1KW electric boiler operating at full load for 1 hour is 1 degree. The 1 ton electric boiler is about 0.7 MW, which is 700 KW. The power consumption of a 1 ton electric boiler operating at full load for 1 hour is 700 degrees.
       However, it should also be noted that this is the power consumption situation of the electric boiler under full load; compared with other types of boilers, the electric boiler is more intelligent and can adjust steam or hot water according to different needs of users. The temperature of the boiler will change. In general, the average power consumption of the electric boiler is about 1/3-1/2 of the full load.

How to reduce the power consumption of electric boilers?
       The method of reducing the power consumption of electric boilers mainly starts from the above four factors that affect the power consumption of the boiler.
       1. Maintain good insulation effect in the boiler room
       The heat insulation measures in the boiler room are properly handled. The heat loss during the operation of the electric boiler will decrease, and the heat energy utilization rate will increase, so that more power is not needed to meet the needs of users.
       2. Changes in the heating environment
       For houses that require heating, the height of the house and the configuration of the heating facilities must be handled properly to meet the optimal heating environment. The heat generated by the boiler operation is directly delivered to the house, reducing heat loss and reducing the power consumption of the boiler.
       3. The situation of the electric boiler itself
       The electric boiler itself must have a certain degree of intelligent regulation and control. According to the user's needs or changes in the environment, the working load in the boiler can be adjusted by itself, and the operating load can be increased when the demand temperature is high, and the operating load can be reduced when the demand temperature is low. Can alleviate the power consumption of the boiler.

2019-09-08 18:18:45

How to improve the efficiency of gas steam boilers?

When a gas-fired steam boiler is in operation, a series of chemical and physical reactions occur in the furnace. During use, hard and dense scales are formed on the heated surface, which directly leads to a decrease in heat exchange efficiency of the boiler; The effect of corrosion under scale will result in reduced heat absorption of the water-cooled fireplace of the gas-fired boiler, thereby reducing thermal efficiency and wasting input costs.

Another need to clean up the scale is to keep the boiler running for a long time.

The thermal conductivity of scale is only one percent of the steel. Once the surface is fouled by the hot surface, the heat transfer effect is hindered. In order to maintain a certain output of the boiler during use, the temperature on the fire side must be increased. The outlet temperature of the furnace of the gas steam boiler is increasing, which will increase the loss of the gas steam boiler, and the scale in the water wall of the equipment will effectively reduce the heat transfer effect, which is very likely Will cause the temperature of the wall of the water wall to increase, causing the water wall to burst.

Cleaning the boiler becomes even more important. In the process of cleaning, high-efficiency, environmentally-friendly and non-corrosive cleaning agents can be used, which will cause the equipment tubes to reveal the original metallic color and reduce the influence of scale.

Secondly, after the ignition of the gas steam boiler, it is necessary to pay attention to observe the temperature of the furnace and the temperature change of the main steam; when the main steam pressure is rising, if the boiler is ignited, the speed of the rise of the smoke temperature will be significantly slow or not rising, immediately Check the oil gun's fire.

2019-09-07 17:09:53

How to improve the thermal efficiency of gas steam boilers?

Gas-fired steam boilers produce more or less scale after a long period of operation.

When a gas-fired steam boiler is in operation, a series of chemical and physical reactions occur in the furnace. During use, hard and dense scales are formed on the heated surface, which directly leads to a decrease in heat exchange efficiency of the boiler; The effect of corrosion under scale will result in reduced heat absorption of the water-cooled fireplace of the gas-fired boiler, thereby reducing thermal efficiency and wasting input costs.

Another need to clean up the scale is to keep the boiler running for a long time.

The thermal conductivity of scale is only one percent of the steel. Once the surface is fouled by the hot surface, the heat transfer effect is hindered. In order to maintain a certain output of the boiler during use, the temperature on the fire side must be increased. The outlet temperature of the furnace of the gas steam boiler is increasing, which will increase the loss of the gas steam boiler, and the scale in the water wall of the equipment will effectively reduce the heat transfer effect, which is very likely Will cause the temperature of the wall of the water wall to increase, causing the water wall to burst.

Cleaning the boiler becomes even more important. In the process of cleaning, high-efficiency, environmentally-friendly and non-corrosive cleaning agents can be used, which will cause the equipment tubes to reveal the original metallic color and reduce the influence of scale.

Secondly, after the ignition of the gas steam boiler, it is necessary to pay attention to observe the temperature of the furnace and the temperature change of the main steam; when the main steam pressure is rising, if the boiler is ignited, the speed of the rise of the smoke temperature will be significantly slow or not rising, immediately Check the oil gun's fire.

2019-09-06 15:23:30

How to choose the right boiler manufactory?

Which brand of boiler is good? What kind of boiler is a good boiler? How can I choose the right boiler model? I believe that everyone will encounter these problems more or less when purchasing boiler equipment. The boiler itself is a special equipment. It has high standards in design, manufacture and use, and it provides tremendous power support for social production and people's lives. It is one of the indispensable equipments in many industries.

Which brand of boiler is of good quality ?
       The choice of boiler is also in the selection of boiler suppliers, quality boiler suppliers are guaranteed in terms of product quality, technical support and after-sales service; on the contrary, the production and service systems of some small-scale boiler suppliers are still not perfect, if Whether the boiler is operated or the company itself is not guaranteed because of the low price of the boiler or other reasons for choosing an informal small boiler supplier. Founded in 1998, FANGKUAI Boiler Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in gas, oil-fired boilers and electric boilers, and is deeply researching more efficient, clean and environmentally friendly boiler equipment. FANGKUAI Boiler knows that only by mastering the core technology can it stand in the industry and never give up its belief in independent research and development of new technologies. At present, it has more than 100 independent intellectual property rights. At the end of 2018, as of December 2018, FANGKUAI Boiler has sold more than 20,000 tons of steam per year. The products are exported to Russia, the United States, Canada, Bangladesh, Thailand and other countries as well as Southeast Asia and North America.

boiler manufactory

What kind of boiler is a good boiler ?
       Everyone wants to purchase high-efficiency, low-emission, high-intelligence, low-cost boiler equipment when purchasing boilers. This also requires users to have a certain understanding of boilers and auxiliary equipment before purchasing boilers. The boiler is good, so you can buy the boiler equipment with excellent quality. So far, FANGKUAI Boiler suppliers have achieved four breakthroughs.
       1. The boiler thermal efficiency has exceeded 98%.
       FANGKUAI Boiler combines the latent heat of flue gas and sensible heat through various technologies such as new wing heat exchange and waste heat condensation recovery independently developed, and the boiler thermal efficiency is directly increased to 98%.
       2. The boiler discharge is less than 18mg/Nm3
       With the help of full premixing, FGR and other combustion technologies, and with the boiler's good operation mode, FANGKUAI Boiler can achieve nitrogen oxide emissions of less than 18mg/Nm3, which can be used as usual in the most demanding US Southern California.
       3. The boiler is highly intelligent
       With a highly intelligent DCS control cabinet and a self-developed PLC intelligent control system, the FANGKUAI boiler realizes one-button start-stop and parameter adjustment of the boiler; only one furnace personnel can regularly inspect and maintain the boiler, and also for the enterprise. Save a labor cost.
       4. The overall size of the boiler is reduced by 20-40%
       The product launched by FANGKUAI Boiler, with the self-developed wing-shaped heat exchange tube, reduces the overall volume of the boiler by 20-40%. The requirements for the boiler room are very low. It is suitable for underground, semi-underground or above-ground boiler rooms, and can also be used for users. Save on the capital cost of a boiler room.

How can I choose the right boiler model ?
       The demand for boilers varies according to the user's situation. Only through the boiler supplier's technical personnel to understand and master the actual situation of the user's project site, can we customize a comprehensive boiler system solution for the user.

About FANGKUAI Boiler Manufactory
       FANGKUAI Boiler also attaches importance to the customer's service experience. From pre-sales consultation to the progress of the follow-up project, to the after-sales quality maintenance, there will be one-on-one technical and service personnel to guide the user throughout the process, no matter where the boiler has problems, they promise to send technical consultants within 72 hours. settle properly.

If your opponent's boiler is full of interest, you can call us directly through the toll-free hotline, or leave a message via message form, social media, etc. Our pre-sales consultant will get in touch with you within 5 minutes.

2019-09-05 18:36:22

What issues should I pay attention to when purchasing a gas boiler?

How to purchase a gas boiler with excellent quality? Customers can refer to the following two aspects.

First. Thermal efficiency and boiler capacity
       Compared with the traditional boiler, the high-quality gas boiler is composed of ND steel with a thickness of 28mm, which has stronger heat transfer and corrosion resistance, so the thermal efficiency is also improved. The customer can carefully observe the boiler material during the selection process to confirm whether the performance meets the requirements. In addition, you can also pay attention to boiler capacity, design structure, water flow in the boiler, water level fluctuations and so on. High-quality low-nitrogen boilers are inevitably advanced in thermal efficiency and capacity technology.

Second. The operability and noise intensity
       If you have selected a low-emission, high-heat efficiency gas boiler, you can turn your attention to the boiler operation. The gas boiler has an intelligent control system that can be docked with the intelligent control platform to achieve fully automatic operation. At the same time, attention should be paid to the noise intensity generated during the operation of the boiler, and the boiler with low noise intensity can be included in the selection range. In addition, it can also be comprehensively analyzed through various factors such as the production scale of the boiler enterprise and market reputation.

FANGKUAI Boiler hopes to help you through this article. If you are still confused about gas boilers, you can contact Fangfeng Boiler directly to talk to professional boiler technical engineers.

2019-09-04 15:15:40

What should you pay attention to when using hot water boilers in residential areas?

Low-nitrogen hot water boilers are widely used in many residential buildings, mainly for winter heating and hot water supply. The hot water boilers with low nitrogen technology have lower exhaust gas temperature and less harmful substances, which guarantee people's living environment and health. However, in order to further ensure the safety of its operation, the following points should be observed when operating low-nitrogen hot water boilers in residential areas.

First, we must control the water temperature and water speed
       When the low-nitrogen hot water boiler for residential use begins to operate, the temperature inside the boiler and the components is the same as the ambient temperature. As the boiler burns, the temperature begins to rise; but because the boiler wall is thicker, the outside is The temperature rises more slowly, causing a temperature difference between the inner and outer walls. Moreover, the lower the thickness of the low-nitrogen boiler manufacturer, the greater the temperature difference between the inside and the outside will be. If the water temperature rises, the inside of the boiler may be deformed to form a crack. Therefore, the low-nitrogen boiler manufacturer emphasizes that in order to avoid this situation, the water supply speed and the water temperature should be controlled so that the temperature of the inner and outer walls of the boiler can be uniformly increased to protect the boiler from damage.

Second, we must control the speed of heating up
       In the process of starting the combustion of the low-nitrogen hot water boiler, the internal pressure will increase as the temperature rises, so the two are simultaneously performed, and in the process of gradually increasing the pressure, not only the thick-walled steam drum The temperature of the inner and outer walls will produce a difference, and other parts will also generate thermal stress due to this change, which is unfavorable for the maintenance of low-nitrogen hot water boilers. Therefore, the professional low-nitrogen hot water boiler manufacturer - Fang Kuai Boiler reminds everyone that It must be controlled and the thermal stress should be reduced as much as possible to avoid adverse effects on critical components such as pressure pipes and flow orifices.

Third, we must properly adjust the speed of the boost
       In the process of rising pressure inside the low-nitrogen boiler, it is necessary to go through several different stages, and the rising rate of the corresponding saturation temperature of the working medium is different for each certain unit of pressure, and the lower the pressure, the unit pressure is raised. The corresponding rate of increase in saturation temperature is greater and as the pressure increases, the saturation temperature of the water rises less and less. Therefore, the domestic professional low-nitrogen boiler manufacturer introduced that the boosting speed is very slow at the beginning, but when the pressure is relatively high, the speed of the boosting can be appropriately adjusted because the pressure rise and the temperature increase have mutual influence. Therefore, it is not possible to carry out the adjustment alone, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider the operation.

2019-09-02 15:15:23

What benefits can you add to your business users with gas-fired steam boilers?

In addition to providing sufficient high-temperature steam, gas-fired steam boilers can reduce fuel input costs by reducing the combustion load. What benefits will the use of gas-fired boilers bring to business users?

1. Economy
       The biggest advantage of using a gas-fired steam boiler is that it can save a lot of fuel costs for the company. It does not need to spend a lot of money to purchase a large amount of coal-carbon fuel. It only needs to use natural gas with good cleanliness to output enough steam. It also does not need to prepare fuel. To store the site, you only need to connect the pipes.

2. Security
       As we all know, natural gas is a very safe and stable, non-toxic, non-polluting, clean-clean fuel. It does not settle on the ground like liquefied gas or gas leaks, and may even burn again causing accidents. Gas-fired steam boilers are the safest choice for gas selection in the process of transporting gases, and are also easily found after leaks, making them the safest method of use.

3. Convenient
       Gas-fired boilers are also very convenient to operate, so they will be favored by all walks of life. Because they use natural gas pipelines, there will be no troubles under continuous operation. It eliminates the tedious work of using coal to transport or stack and clean cinder.

4. Clean
       The reason why the gas-fired steam boiler can be highly evaluated in the market is that it is clean and non-polluting in use, there is no black pot bottom production, and there is no exhaust gas pollution. Therefore, it is the cleanest way to use compared to other boilers.

2019-08-31 14:56:57

How to ensure the safe operation of gas hot water boilers?

Maintaining a safe and stable operating state of the gas hot water boiler will enable the boiler to exert more functions on this basis. So, how do you need to ensure the safety of gas-fired hot water boilers?

1. Before the work, carefully check whether the water supply, drainage, gas supply pipe accessories, safety valve, pressure gauge and water level gauge of the gas hot water boiler are sensitive, and the safety can be confirmed before the work can be carried out.

2. When you are in the water, you should use both hands to operate. First open the water gate with one hand, then open the water valve of the water injector with the other hand, and the water naturally flows into the furnace. When stopping, the valve should be closed first, then the water door should be closed. When the valve is opened and closed, the face must be avoided to avoid the accident caused by the soda.

3. During the operation of the gas hot water boiler, it is necessary to pay attention to check the various parts and observe whether the pressure and water level are within the normal range. The furnace workers are not allowed to leave the post without permission. When working in night shifts, avoid sleeping and not allowing sleep, so as to avoid accidents. When the boiler is discharged, each shift must be carried out once. The water level should be properly adjusted before the discharge, which is slightly higher than the normal water level by 2/3, and then discharged.

4. The water level gauge must be flushed once per shift. When flushing, follow the prescribed procedure, first close the water valve, open the drain valve, flush the steam valve, then pay attention to whether the steam is blocked; then close the steam valve, then pay attention to whether the water is blocked. When flushing the water valve, there is water and steam, and the time is a little longer to ensure that the fake water level is not available. Hot gas water boiler fuel must be inspected for safety to prevent the presence of explosive substances in the fuel to prevent explosion hazard.

5. Always check the temperature of the mechanical equipment and the motor casing. If the machine is faulty or the motor heat exceeds 60 degrees, stop the test immediately. When the gas hot water boiler is in normal operation, the steam pressure shall not exceed the specified working pressure, and the safety valve shall be inspected once a week on average.

2019-08-29 18:10:19

What should you pay attention to when using a normal pressure hot water boiler?

Compared with pressurized hot water boilers, atmospheric hot water boilers have the advantage of safety and low explosion risk. This is because the top of the atmospheric boiler is directly connected to the atmosphere and does not withstand the static pressure of the water column of the heating system. It can also be understood as an "open hot water tank".

But this is not to say that there is no special attention when the atmospheric hot water boiler is running. On the contrary, the boiler should pay attention to many details when it is running.

1. The system water
       The heating system should be equipped with a high-level bearing box, which is located at the high point of the system. The rainwater system is connected to the return pipe and is filled into the system through the tap water pressure. At the same time, the system discharge is normal, so that the system can replenish water. After the high water tank overflows, the water pump cycle is started. Replenish water until the system is full.

2. Check the activation valve before running
       Firstly, the valve of the boiler inlet and outlet is opened, and the circulating water pump is turned on to make the system circulate and flow to check whether the automatic opening and closing valve is sensitive. Then the circulating water pump stops running for 1-2 hours, paying attention to the water level of the boiler.
       If the water level changes little here, the automatic opening and closing valve of the table name is closed tightly. If the boiler water level rises rapidly after stopping the pump, it indicates that the automatic opening and closing valve leaks seriously and needs to be repaired or replaced in time.
       When the automatic opening and closing valve fails or the leakage is serious, it cannot be ignited.

3. Stop the furnace
       When the atmospheric hot water boiler is shut down, the operation of the combustion equipment is the same as that of the pressurized boiler, but it is not limited by the requirement that the boiler water temperature is below 50 °C. If a serious water hammer is caused by vaporization during the shutdown, the boiler can be used to replenish water, and the overflow pipe can be used to reduce the furnace temperature and weaken the vaporization phenomenon.

2019-08-27 18:12:05

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